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A growing body of data indicates that endothelial NOS
2020-10-27
A growing body of data indicates that endothelial NOS (eNOS) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), its downstream KPT-330 mg molecule. High pathological concentrations of NO produced from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induce apoptosis, whereas a reduction in the concentra
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Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process
2020-10-27
Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s
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br Restenosis after angioplasty remains
2020-10-27
Restenosis after angioplasty remains a remarkable challenge, although drug-eluting stents have reduced the incidence of restenosis considerably . Vascular smooth muscle Clofazimine (VSMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of intimal thickening and restenosis. VSMCs proliferate and migrate f
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Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic innervation
2020-10-27
Contrary to the profuse dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus found in human and non-human primates (Brown et al., 1979, Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2005), in rodents, the RTn is one the few thalamic nuclei that receives dopaminergic input (Anaya-Martinez et al., 2006, Garcia-Cabezas et al., 2007, G
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The outcome of DGK function will
2020-10-27
The outcome of DGK function will thus depend on the binding partners of each DGK isoform, and the effects that they exert can be quite different. A clear example of this concept has been demonstrated for the type IV DGKs, ζ and ι, which are structurally very similar but have opposing effects on Ras
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br Competing interests br Acknowledgements br Introduction D
2020-10-27
Competing interests Acknowledgements Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) in biomembranes to produce phosphatidic galanin receptor (PA) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. To date, ten mammalian DGK isozymes (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η, θ, ι and κ) have been ident
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Real time PCR as described previously
2020-10-27
Real-time PCR, as described previously with minor modifications, was used to detect DNA . The PCR mixture (Qiagen) was as follows: 5mM MgCl2, 2.5μl of 10x PCR Buffer, 0.125μl of HotStarTaq DNA Polymerase, 0.25mM of each dNTP, 0.4μM of each primer and 0.1μM of FAMlabelled probe (‘5-aacaattggagggcaag
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Introduction DHFR is an important enzyme in
2020-10-27
Introduction DHFR is an important enzyme in both mammals and microorganism including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It catalyzes folic Decitabine conversion to dihydro and tetrahydro folic acid which is a crucial step in folate pathway [1]. Inhibition of folate pathway leads to interruption of t
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br Materials and methods br Results and
2020-10-27
Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Clitocypin is another member of the mycocypin family of cysteine protease inhibitors that is unique to Batimastat shown to exhibit strong insecticidal activity against Colorado potato beetle larvae. This effect is concentration depen
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In LPS treated BV cells we found that the upregulated
2020-10-27
In LPS-treated BV-2 cells, we found that the upregulated CysLT2R was translocated into the nucleus. The nuclear localization of CysLT2Rs in microglia has not been reported previously. It is known that CysLT1Rs in endothelial butein translocated to the nucleus in a ligand-independent manner after is
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br Conflict of interest statement br
2020-10-27
Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgement The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – projects “CENAKVA” (No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0024) and “CENAKVA II” (No. LO1205 under the NPU I program), by the Grant Agency of the University
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Furthermore we explored the effect of
2020-10-26
Furthermore, we explored the effect of PKCζ on SIRT6 phosphorylation. Accumulating data showed that aPKC isoforms are involved in regulating lipid metabolism [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47]. The aPKC activity was reported to play a dominant role in normal insulin signaling by activating PI3
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br Results br Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Autho
2020-10-26
Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Excitatory synaptic transmission within the brain is largely mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. At glutamatergic synapses, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic opioid r
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Our results for imidacloprid were unexpected considering tha
2020-10-26
Our results for imidacloprid were unexpected: considering that imidacloprid (Im) is a neonicotinoid insecticide with a different mode of action (agonist of the nicotinic ribitol receptor) than OPs, we expected Es-ChE and T-ChE activity to be largely insensitive to changes in Im concentrations. Howe
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Endothelial cells consti
2020-10-26
Acknowledgements Introduction Endothelial gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist constitute a unique source of humoral factors that may regulate the functions of other cell types via paracrine or endocrine pathways [1]. Among the many molecules originated from the endothelium, nitric oxide (N
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