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The small molecule d mannuronic acid M
2020-12-08
The small molecule β-d-mannuronic THZ531 mg (M2000), patented (DE-102016113018.4), has been tested as an anti-inflammatory and a novel immunosuppressive agent in various experimental models such as animal models of immune complex glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, multiple sclerosis and rheuma
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported
2020-12-08
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the European Committee Fifth Framework Project QLK5-1999-01360. We are grateful to Dr. T.T. Hoang for the provision of plasmids pEX18Tc, pPS858 and pFLP2, Prof. B.L. Wanner for providing us with the plasmid pKD4 and related strains, and Prof. P. Soucail
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br Results with scrubbing process Based on the
2020-12-08
Results with scrubbing process Based on AVE 0991 discussion of Section 4.4 and area availability results of the previous section, scrubbing process, at the pixel processing rate, was included to mitigate error accumulation on the arrays and on the line-buffer. Eight sequential signals, plus the r
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The present study intended to characterize the predominant
2020-12-08
The present study intended to characterize the predominant cholinesterasic form found in tissues of three tropical fish species, namely Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 (common name guaru), Pterygoplichthys pardalis Castelnau, 1855 (common name cascudo) and Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britski
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5104 Cell swelling stimulates the release of certain amino
2020-12-08
Cell swelling stimulates the release of certain amino acids, in particular the non-protein amino 5104 taurine, via a pathway which has the characteristics of a channel rather than a carrier [54], [69]. Indeed, on the basis of pharmacological inhibition, it was suggested that volume-activated taurin
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Determination of relative potency EC
2020-12-07
Determination of relative potency (EC50) by dose response assays in vitro is subject to the same sources of variability as determination of affinity, since the EC50 and Hill slope of the dose response curve are highly dependent on the binding of ligand to a competing receptor that may be present, an
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Finally we have determined for
2020-12-07
Finally, we have determined for the first time that aromatase enzyme activity is necessary to observe IGF-1-dependent nitric oxide synthase inhibitors receptor activation. Neuroestrogen synthesis has been shown to be important for the maintenance of synaptic spine density in hippocampal slice cultu
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Considering these reports and with the aim
2020-12-07
Considering these reports, and with the aim of further investigating the mechanism by which the cAMP-Epac/PKA pathway activates eNOS, we have performed imaging experiments evaluating the effect of drugs that increase cAMP or modify its signalling pathways (PKA or Epac activators and inhibitors) on b
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The growth inhibitory effect of PGE has
2020-12-07
The growth inhibitory effect of PGE2 has been linked to the ability of Gs coupled PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 to mediate elevation of cAMP [22], [23]. Evidence suggests that this mechanism may not be the key cause of growth inhibition [24]. In various cell types, EP4 receptor has been shown to utiliz
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While agnathans appear to have reduced their
2020-12-07
While agnathans appear to have reduced their Ednr repertoire to the Ednra gene (that may have been amplified in the Arctic lamprey), gnathostomes in general have been relatively inert to Ednr gene loss. Strikingly, the only Ednr gene that has been lost repeatedly is EdnrB2 (lost in therian mammals,
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We can think of two
2020-12-07
We can think of two ways in which collagen binding could activate DDR (Figure 8). A single collagen triple helix could interact with both DS domains in the DDR dimer (“composite binding site”) and thereby activate the receptor, similar to the situation exemplified by the growth hormone-growth hormon
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CYP A and CYP D are
2020-12-07
CYP3A4/5 and CYP2D6 are among the main drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans that are responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of marketed drugs [19], [21]. Drugs metabolized by CYPs are prone to drug–drug interactions, thereby modifying their response [18], [32]. Metabolic inhibition is also i
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Nimodipine administration also inhibited the eIF
2020-12-07
Nimodipine administration also inhibited the eIF2α/ATF4 singnaling which is a crucial evolutionarily conserved adaptive pathway during cellular stresses including hypoxia and ischemia (Evans et al., 2016; Manwani and McCullough, 2013). While, the eIF2a/ATF4 pathway, activated by different forms of s
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A decrease in heme levels enables
2020-12-07
A decrease in heme levels enables the phosphorylation of eIF2α by HRI and thereby inhibition of eIF2α activity. Indeed, the relatively small change in cytosolic heme levels in SZ streptozotocin showed downstream functional consequences manifested by almost 50% elevation in the phosphorylation of eI
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Gene chip is a detection technique that
2020-12-07
Gene chip is a detection technique that can detect all the time-point differentially expressed genes (DEGs) information within the same sample. However, due to sample heterogeneity or different sequencing platform, the results for the expressed mRNAs are inconsistent with different gene profile. The
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